Yesaya 13:10

13:10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations

no longer give out their light; ¹ 

the sun is darkened as soon as it rises,

and the moon does not shine. ² 

Yesaya 24:20-23

24:20 The earth will stagger around ³  like a drunk;

it will sway back and forth like a hut in a windstorm. ⁴ 

Its sin will weigh it down,

and it will fall and never get up again.

The Lord Will Become King

24:21 At that time ⁵  the Lord will punish ⁶ 

the heavenly forces in the heavens ⁷ 

and the earthly kings on the earth.

24:22 They will be imprisoned in a pit, ⁸ 

locked up in a prison,

and after staying there for a long time, ⁹  they will be punished. ¹⁰ 

24:23 The full moon will be covered up, ¹¹ 

the bright sun ¹²  will be darkened; ¹³ 

for the Lord who commands armies will rule ¹⁴ 

on Mount Zion in Jerusalem ¹⁵ 

in the presence of his assembly, in majestic splendor. ¹⁶ 

Yeremia 4:23-25

4:23 “I looked at the land and saw ¹⁷  that it was an empty wasteland. ¹⁸ 

I looked up at the sky, and its light had vanished.

4:24 I looked at the mountains and saw that they were shaking.

All the hills were swaying back and forth!

4:25 I looked and saw that there were no more people, ¹⁹ 

and that all the birds in the sky had flown away.

Yeremia 4:28

4:28 Because of this the land will mourn

and the sky above will grow black. ²⁰ 

For I have made my purpose known ²¹ 

and I will not relent or turn back from carrying it out.” ²² 

Yehezkiel 32:7

32:7 When I extinguish you, I will cover the sky;

I will darken its stars.

I will cover the sun with a cloud,

and the moon will not shine. ²³ 

Daniel 7:10

7:10 A river of fire was streaming forth

and proceeding from his presence.

Many thousands were ministering to him;

Many tens of thousands stood ready to serve him. ²⁴ 

The court convened ²⁵ 

and the books were opened.

Daniel 12:1

12:1 “At that time Michael,

the great prince who watches over your people, ²⁶ 

will arise. ²⁷ 

There will be a time of distress

unlike any other from the nation’s beginning ²⁸ 

up to that time.

But at that time your own people,

all those whose names are ²⁹  found written in the book,

will escape.

Yoel 2:30-31

2:30 I will produce portents both in the sky ³⁰  and on the earth –

blood, fire, and columns of smoke.

2:31 The sunlight will be turned to darkness

and the moon to the color of blood, ³¹ 

before the day of the Lord comes –

that great and terrible day!

Amos 5:20

5:20 Don’t you realize the Lord’s day of judgment will bring ³²  darkness, not light –

gloomy blackness, not bright light?

Zefanya 1:14-18

1:14 The Lord’s great day of judgment ³³  is almost here;

it is approaching very rapidly!

There will be a bitter sound on the Lord’s day of judgment;

at that time warriors will cry out in battle. ³⁴ 

1:15 That day will be a day of God’s anger, ³⁵ 

a day of distress and hardship,

a day of devastation and ruin,

a day of darkness and gloom,

a day of clouds and dark skies,

1:16 a day of trumpet blasts ³⁶  and battle cries. ³⁷ 

Judgment will fall on ³⁸  the fortified cities and the high corner towers.

1:17 I will bring distress on the people ³⁹ 

and they will stumble ⁴⁰  like blind men,

for they have sinned against the Lord.

Their blood will be poured out like dirt;

their flesh ⁴¹  will be scattered ⁴²  like manure.

1:18 Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to deliver them

in the day of the Lord’s angry judgment.

The whole earth ⁴³  will be consumed by his fiery wrath. ⁴⁴ 

Indeed, ⁴⁵  he will bring terrifying destruction ⁴⁶  on all who live on the earth.” ⁴⁷ 

Matius 24:29-31

The Arrival of the Son of Man

24:29 “Immediately ⁴⁸  after the suffering ⁴⁹  of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven will be shaken. ⁵⁰  24:30 Then ⁵¹  the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, ⁵²  and ⁵³  all the tribes of the earth will mourn. They ⁵⁴  will see the Son of Man arriving on the clouds of heaven ⁵⁵  with power and great glory. 24:31 And he will send his angels with a loud trumpet blast, and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven ⁵⁶  to the other.

Lukas 21:25-27

The Arrival of the Son of Man

21:25 “And there will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, ⁵⁷  and on the earth nations will be in distress, ⁵⁸  anxious ⁵⁹  over the roaring of the sea and the surging waves. 21:26 People will be fainting from fear ⁶⁰  and from the expectation of what is coming on the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. ⁶¹  21:27 Then ⁶²  they will see the Son of Man arriving in a cloud ⁶³  with power and great glory.

Kisah Para Rasul 2:19-20

2:19 And I will perform wonders in the sky ⁶⁴  above

and miraculous signs ⁶⁵  on the earth below,

blood and fire and clouds of smoke.

2:20 The sun will be changed to darkness

and the moon to blood

before the great and glorious ⁶⁶  day of the Lord comes.

Kisah Para Rasul 2:2

2:2 Suddenly ⁶⁷  a sound ⁶⁸  like a violent wind blowing ⁶⁹  came from heaven ⁷⁰  and filled the entire house where they were sitting.

Pengkhotbah 3:10

3:10 I have observed the burden

that God has given to people ⁷¹  to keep them occupied.

Pengkhotbah 3:12

Enjoy Life in the Present

3:12 I have concluded ⁷²  that there is nothing better for people ⁷³ 

than ⁷⁴  to be happy and to enjoy

themselves ⁷⁵  as long as they live,

Wahyu 6:12-14

6:12 Then ⁷⁶  I looked when the Lamb opened the sixth seal, and a huge ⁷⁷  earthquake took place; the sun became as black as sackcloth made of hair, ⁷⁸  and the full moon became blood red; ⁷⁹  6:13 and the stars in the sky ⁸⁰  fell to the earth like a fig tree dropping ⁸¹  its unripe figs ⁸²  when shaken by a fierce ⁸³  wind. 6:14 The sky ⁸⁴  was split apart ⁸⁵  like a scroll being rolled up, ⁸⁶  and every mountain and island was moved from its place.

Wahyu 20:11

The Great White Throne

20:11 Then ⁸⁷  I saw a large ⁸⁸  white throne and the one who was seated on it; the earth and the heaven ⁸⁹  fled ⁹⁰  from his presence, and no place was found for them.

[13:10]  ¹ tn Heb “do not flash forth their light.”

[13:10]  ² tn Heb “does not shed forth its light.”

[24:20]  ³ tn Heb “staggering, staggers.” The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute before the finite verb for emphasis and sound play.

[24:20]  ⁴ tn The words “in a windstorm” are supplied in the translation to clarify the metaphor.

[24:21]  ⁵ tn Or “in that day” (so KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[24:21]  ⁶ tn Heb “visit [in judgment].”

[24:21]  ⁷ tn Heb “the host of the height in the height.” The “host of the height/heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13).

[24:22]  ⁸ tn Heb “they will be gathered [in] a gathering [as] a prisoner in a cistern.” It is tempting to eliminate אֲסֵפָה (’asefah, “a gathering”) as dittographic or as a gloss, but sound repetition is one of the main characteristics of the style of this section of the chapter.

[24:22]  ⁹ tn Heb “and after a multitude of days.”

[24:22]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “visited” (so KJV, ASV). This verse can mean to visit for good or for evil. The translation assumes the latter, based on v. 21a. However, BDB 823 s.v. פָּקַד B.Niph.2 suggests the meaning “visit graciously” here, in which case one might translate “they will be released.”

[24:23]  ¹¹ tn Heb “will be ashamed.”

[24:23]  ¹² tn Or “glow of the sun.”

[24:23]  ¹³ tn Heb “will be ashamed” (so NCV).

[24:23]  ¹⁴ tn Or “take his throne,” “become king.”

[24:23]  ¹⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[24:23]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and before his elders [in] splendor.”

[4:23]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “I looked at the land and behold...” This indicates the visionary character of Jeremiah’s description of the future condition of the land of Israel.

[4:23]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “formless and empty.” This is a case of hendiadys (two nouns joined by “and” both describe the same thing): one noun retains its full nominal force, the other functions as an adjective. The words תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ (tohu vavohu) allude to Gen 1:2, hyperbolically picturing a reversal of creation and return to the original precreation chaos.

[4:25]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “there was no man/human being.”

[4:28]  ²⁰ sn The earth and the heavens are personified here and depicted in the act of mourning and wearing black clothes because of the destruction of the land of Israel.

[4:28]  ²¹ tn Heb “has spoken and purposed.” This is an example of hendiadys where two verbs are joined by “and” but one is meant to serve as a modifier of the other.

[4:28]  ²² tn Heb “will not turn back from it.”

[32:7]  ²³ tn Heb “will not shine its light.” For similar features of cosmic eschatology, see Joel 2:10; 4:15; Amos 5:18-20; Zeph 1:5.

[7:10]  ²⁴ tn Aram “were standing before him.”

[7:10]  ²⁵ tn Aram “judgment sat.”

[12:1]  ²⁶ tn Heb “stands over the sons of your people.”

[12:1]  ²⁷ tn Heb “will stand up.”

[12:1]  ²⁸ tn Or “from the beginning of a nation.”

[12:1]  ²⁹ tn The words “whose names are” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.

[2:30]  ³⁰ tn Or “in the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[2:31]  ³¹ tn Heb “to blood,” but no doubt this is intended to indicate by metonymy the color of blood rather than the substance itself. The blood red color suggests a visual impression here – something that could be caused by fires, volcanic dust, sandstorms, or other atmospheric phenomena.

[5:20]  ³² tn Heb “Will not the day of the Lord be.”

[1:14]  ³³ tn Heb “The great day of the Lord.” The words “of judgment” are supplied in the translation here and later in this verse for clarity. See the note on the expression “day of judgment” in v. 7.

[1:14]  ³⁴ tn Heb “the sound of the day of the Lord, bitter [is] one crying out there, a warrior.” The present translation does four things: (1) It takes מַר (mar, “bitter”) with what precedes (contrary to the accentuation of the MT). (2) It understands the participle צָרַח (tsarakh, “cry out in battle”) as verbal with “warrior” as its subject. (3) It takes שָׁם (sham, “there”) in a temporal sense, meaning “then, at that time.” (4) It understands “warrior” as collective.

[1:15]  ³⁵ tn Heb “a day of wrath.” The word “God’s” is supplied in the translation for clarification.

[1:16]  ³⁶ tn Heb “a ram’s horn.” By metonymy the Hebrew text mentions the trumpet (“ram’s horn”) in place of the sound it produces (“trumpet blasts”).

[1:16]  ³⁷ sn This description of the day of the Lord consists of an initial reference to anger, followed by four pairs of synonyms. The joining of synonyms in this way emphasizes the degree of the characteristic being described. The first two pairs focus on the distress and ruin that judgment will bring; the second two pairs picture this day of judgment as being very dark (darkness) and exceedingly overcast (gloom). The description concludes with the pairing of two familiar battle sounds, the blast on the ram’s horn (trumpet blasts) and the war cries of the warriors (battle cries).

[1:16]  ³⁸ tn Heb “against.” The words “judgment will fall” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[1:17]  ³⁹ tn “The people” refers to mankind in general (see vv. 2-3) or more specifically to the residents of Judah (see vv. 4-13).

[1:17]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “walk.”

[1:17]  ⁴¹ tn Some take the referent of “flesh” to be more specific here; cf. NEB (“bowels”), NAB (“brains”), NIV (“entrails”).

[1:17]  ⁴² tn The words “will be scattered” are supplied in the translation for clarity based on the parallelism with “will be poured out” in the previous line.

[1:18]  ⁴³ tn Or “land” (cf. NEB). This same word also occurs at the end of the present verse.

[1:18]  ⁴⁴ tn Or “passion”; traditionally, “jealousy.”

[1:18]  ⁴⁵ tn Or “for.”

[1:18]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “complete destruction, even terror, he will make.”

[1:18]  ⁴⁷ tn It is not certain where the Lord’s words end and the prophet’s words begin. It is possible that Zephaniah begins speaking in the middle of v. 17 or at the beginning of v. 18 (note the third person pronouns referring to the Lord).

[24:29]  ⁴⁸ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:29]  ⁴⁹ tn Traditionally, “tribulation.”

[24:29]  ⁵⁰ sn An allusion to Isa 13:10, 34:4 (LXX); Joel 2:10. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.

[24:30]  ⁵¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[24:30]  ⁵² tn Or “in the sky”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context.

[24:30]  ⁵³ tn Here τότε (tote, “then”) has not been translated to avoid redundancy in English.

[24:30]  ⁵⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[24:30]  ⁵⁵ sn An allusion to Dan 7:13. Here is Jesus returning with full authority to judge.

[24:31]  ⁵⁶ tn Or “of the sky”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context.

[21:25]  ⁵⁷ sn Signs in the sun and moon and stars are cosmic signs that turn our attention to the end and the Son of Man’s return for the righteous. OT imagery is present: See Isa 13:9-10; 24:18-20; 34:4; Ezek 32:7-8; Joel 2:1, 30-31; 3:15.

[21:25]  ⁵⁸ tn Grk “distress of nations.”

[21:25]  ⁵⁹ tn Or “in consternation” (L&N 32.9).

[21:26]  ⁶⁰ tn According to L&N 23.184 this could be mainly a psychological experience rather than actual loss of consciousness. It could also refer to complete discouragement because of fear, leading people to give up hope (L&N 25.293).

[21:26]  ⁶¹ sn An allusion to Isa 34:4. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.

[21:27]  ⁶² tn Grk “And then” (καὶ τότε, kai tote). Here καί has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:27]  ⁶³ sn An allusion to Dan 7:13. Here is Jesus returning with full judging authority.

[2:19]  ⁶⁴ tn Or “in the heaven.” The Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated “sky” or “heaven” depending on the context. Here, in contrast to “the earth below,” a reference to the sky is more likely.

[2:19]  ⁶⁵ tn Here the context indicates the miraculous nature of the signs mentioned; this is made explicit in the translation.

[2:20]  ⁶⁶ tn Or “and wonderful.”

[2:2]  ⁶⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated for stylistic reasons. It occurs as part of the formula καὶ ἐγένετο (kai egeneto) which is often left untranslated in Luke-Acts because it is redundant in contemporary English. Here it is possible (and indeed necessary) to translate ἐγένετο as “came” so that the initial clause of the English translation contains a verb; nevertheless the translation of the conjunction καί is not necessary.

[2:2]  ⁶⁸ tn Or “a noise.”

[2:2]  ⁶⁹ tn While φέρω (ferw) generally refers to movement from one place to another with the possible implication of causing the movement of other objects, in Acts 2:2 φέρομαι (feromai) should probably be understood in a more idiomatic sense of “blowing” since it is combined with the noun for wind (πνοή, pnoh).

[2:2]  ⁷⁰ tn Or “from the sky.” The Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated “sky” or “heaven” depending on the context.

[3:10]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “the sons of man.”

[3:12]  ⁷² tn Heb “I know.”

[3:12]  ⁷³ tn Heb “for them”; the referent (people, i.e., mankind) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:12]  ⁷⁴ tn Qoheleth uses the exceptive particle אִם…כִּי (ki…’im, “except”) to identify the only exception to the futility within man’s life (BDB 474 s.v. כִּי 2).

[3:12]  ⁷⁵ tn Heb “to do good.” The phrase לַעֲשׂוֹת טוֹב (la’asot tov) functions idiomatically for “to experience [or see] happiness [or joy].” The verb עָשַׂה (’asah) probably denotes “to acquire; to obtain” (BDB 795 s.v. עָשַׂה II.7), and טוֹב (tov) means “good; pleasure; happiness,” e.g., Eccl 2:24; 3:13; 5:17 (BDB 375 s.v. טוֹב 1).

[6:12]  ⁷⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[6:12]  ⁷⁷ tn Or “powerful”; Grk “a great.”

[6:12]  ⁷⁸ tn Or “like hairy sackcloth” (L&N 8.13).

[6:12]  ⁷⁹ tn Grk “like blood,” understanding αἷμα (aima) as a blood-red color rather than actual blood (L&N 8.64).

[6:13]  ⁸⁰ tn Or “in heaven” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”). The genitive τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (tou ouranou) is taken as a genitive of place.

[6:13]  ⁸¹ tn Grk “throws [off]”; the indicative verb has been translated as a participle due to English style.

[6:13]  ⁸² tn L&N 3.37 states, “a fig produced late in the summer season (and often falling off before it ripens) – ‘late fig.’ ὡς συκὴ βάλλει τοὺς ὀλύνθους αὐτῆς ὑπὸ ἀνέμου μεγάλου σειομένη ‘as the fig tree sheds its late figs when shaken by a great wind’ Re 6:13. In the only context in which ὄλυνθος occurs in the NT (Re 6:13), one may employ an expression such as ‘unripe fig’ or ‘fig which ripens late.’”

[6:13]  ⁸³ tn Grk “great wind.”

[6:14]  ⁸⁴ tn Or “The heavens were.” The Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) can mean either “heaven” or “sky.”

[6:14]  ⁸⁵ tn BDAG 125 s.v. ἀποχωρίζω states, “ὁ οὐρανὸς ἀπεχωρίσθη the sky was split Rv 6:14.” Although L&N 79.120 gives the meaning “the sky disappeared like a rolled-up scroll” here, a scroll that is rolled up does not “disappear,” and such a translation could be difficult for modern readers to understand.

[6:14]  ⁸⁶ tn On this term BDAG 317 s.v. ἑλίσσω states, “ὡς βιβλίον ἑλισσόμενον like a scroll that is rolled up…Rv 6:14.”

[20:11]  ⁸⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[20:11]  ⁸⁸ tn Traditionally, “great,” but μέγας (megas) here refers to size rather than importance.

[20:11]  ⁸⁹ tn Or “and the sky.” The same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky,” and context usually determines which is meant. In this apocalyptic scene, however, it is difficult to be sure what referent to assign the term.

[20:11]  ⁹⁰ tn Or “vanished.”

[20:11]  sn The phrase the earth and the heaven fled from his presence can be understood (1) as visual imagery representing the fear of corruptible matter in the presence of God, but (2) it can also be understood more literally as the dissolution of the universe as we know it in preparation for the appearance of the new heaven and new earth (Rev 21:1).